Haufinyane, sebaka sa Marang-rang sa Tsamaiso e Akaretsang ea Litloaelo se phatlalalitse sengoloa sa motlatsi oa motsamaisi oa ofisi ea kantle ho naha ea Naha a araba lipotso ho tsoa ho baqolotsi ba litaba. Tse ngata tsa tsona li amana le thepa, joalo ka ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso e felletseng ea tumello ea thepa ea kantle ho naha le kantle ho naha, ho ntlafatsa boemo ba tlhaiso-leseling le bohlale ba tumello ea boema-kepe, le ho holisa mocha oa thepa o tšelang moeli oa e-commerce. Lintlha ke tse latelang:
setšoantšo
Motlalehi: lilemong tse 'maloa tse fetileng, tikoloho ea khoebo ea boema-kepe ea China e ntse e ntlafatsoa khafetsa. Ke mehato efe eo Tsamaiso e Akaretsang ea Lekhetho e e nkileng ho tsoela pele ho khothaletsa ho bebofatsoa ha lekhetho la thepa, ho ntlafatsa katleho ea tumello ea lekhetho, ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa ho lumellana le thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha, le ho leka ka hohle ho khothaletsa botsitso ba khoebo ea kantle ho naha le matsete a kantle ho naha?
Dang Yingjie: joalo ka lefapha le etelletseng pele ho ntlafatseng tikoloho ea khoebo likoung, Tsamaiso e Akaretsang ea meetlo, hammoho le mafapha a amehang a mmuso le mebuso ea lehae, e sebelisitse liqeto le merero ea Komiti e Bohareng ea Mokha le Lekhotla la Naha, e ntse e tsoela pele ho matlafatsa ts'ebetso ea eona. sebetsa, e hlahisitse letoto la maano le mehato, e amohetse letoto la mehato e thata, taolo e matlafalitsoeng, ts'ebeletso e ntlafalitsoeng, le ho tsoela pele ho ntlafatsa boemo ba ho nolofatsa khoebo ea ho tšela meeli, E entse tlatsetso e loketseng ho nts'etsopele ea boleng bo holimo le nts'etsopele ea boleng bo holimo. - boemo ba ho bula khoebo ea kantle ho naha. E bonahala haholo-holo ka:
Taba ea pele, ntlafatsa hape litokomane tsa taolo ea ho reka kantle ho naha. Ka 2020, Tsamaiso e Akaretsang ea lekhetho, mmoho le mafapha a amehang, e tla tsoela pele ho lokisa le ho sekaseka litifikeiti tsa taolo ea ho reka kantle ho naha. Ho latela molao-motheo oa "ho hlakola litifikeiti tse ka hlakoloang, le ho hlakola litifikeiti tse ka tsoang boema-kepeng bakeng sa netefatso", General Administration of Customs e tla tsoelapele ho khothaletsa ho nolofatsa litifikeiti tsa taolo, le ho hlokomela ho kopanngoa ha mefuta e 'meli. ea setifikeiti sa tsamaiso ea ho kenya le ho romela kantle ho naha le ho hlakoloa ha mofuta o le mong oa Setifikeiti sa Tsamaiso ho tloha ka la 1 Pherekhong 2021. Hajoale, palo ea litifikeiti tsa taolo tse hlokang ho netefatsoa mabapi le likhokahano tsa kantle ho naha e fokotsehile ho tloha ho 86 ka 2017 ho ea ho 41, a phokotseho ea 52.3%. Har'a mefuta ena e 41 ea litifikeiti tsa bolebeli, ntle le mefuta e 3 e ke keng ea hokeloa Marang-rang ka lebaka la maemo a ikhethileng, mefuta eohle e 38 ea litifikeiti e sebelisitsoe le ho sebetsoa inthaneteng. Har'a bona, mefuta e 23 ea litifikeiti e amohetsoe ka "fensetere e le 'ngoe" ea khoebo ea machaba. Lisetifikeiti tsohle tsa bolebeli li bapisitsoe le ho hlahlojoa ka bo eona ts'ebetsong ea tumello ea lekhetho, 'me likhoebo ha li hloke ho fana ka litifikeiti tsa taolo ea pampiri ho litloaelo.
Ea bobeli, ho fokotsa nako e akaretsang ea tumello ea thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha le kantle ho naha. Kantoro ya boemakepe ba mmuso e lokela ho matlafatsa tataiso ya maemakepe a lehae, ho beha leihlo kamehla le ho tlaleha nako e akaretsang ya tumello ya diporofense tsohle (dibaka tse ikemetseng le bomasepala), le ho matlafatsa kgokahanyo ya maemakepe a bohlokwa ho fokotsa kgahlamelo ya seoa sena mabapi le ho reka kantle ho naha le kantle ho naha. Motheong oa ho hlompha khetho ea likhoebo e ikemetseng ea tumello ea lekhetho, meetlo ea naha e lula e ntlafatsa mokhoa oa ho mamella liphoso, e khothaletsa likhoebo ho khetha "phatlalatso ea pele", e holisa teko ea "phatlalatso ea mehato e 'meli" bakeng sa kantle ho naha, le ho fokotsa nako. bakeng sa tokiso ea phatlalatso, ts'ebetso ea lipalangoang le tumello ea lekhetho. Libakeng tsa boema-kepe tse tšoanelehang, hoa hlokahala ho leka le ho khothaletsa "ho tsamaisoa ka kotloloho ka lehlakoreng la sekepe" la thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha le "ho fihla ka kotloloho" thepa ea kantle ho naha, e le ho matlafatsa tebello ea likhoebo ea nako ea tumello le ho thusa likhoebo ho hlophisa ka nepo. mesebetsi ea lipalangoang, tlhahiso le ts'ebetso. Bakeng sa likarolo tsa koloi tse tsoang kantle ho naha tse lokolotsoeng ho setifikeiti sa CCC, phatlalatso e tla etsoa pele ho netefatso, 'me ho amoheloa ha liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea motho oa boraro ho tla tsoela pele. Ka mehato e boletsoeng ka holimo, nako ea ho tlosoa ha thepa e tsoang boema-kepe e fokotsehile haholo. Ho ea ka lipalo-palo, ka Hlakubele 2021, nako eohle ea tumello ea ho reka kantle ho naha e ne e le lihora tse 37.12, 'me nako eohle ea tumello ea ho reka kantle e ne e le lihora tse 1.67. Ha ho bapisoa le 2017, kakaretso ea nako ea tumello ea ho kenya le ho romela thepa ntle e fokotsehile ka ho feta 50%.
Ea boraro, ho feta moo, ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa ho latela melao ea kantle ho naha le kantle ho naha. Selemong se fetileng, e le ho fokotsa phello ea seoa ho likhoebo le ho thusa likhoebo ho thefula mathata, kopano ea phethahatso ea Lekhotla la Naha e ile ea ithuta khafetsa taba ea phokotso ea lekhetho le phokotso ea litefiso. Ho tloha ka la 1 Hlakubele, tefiso ea kaho ea boema-kepe bakeng sa thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha e se e lokollotsoe, 'me litekanyetso tsa tefiso ea litefiso tsa tšebeletso ea boema-kepe le tefiso ea tšireletso ea setsi sa boema-kepe li theotsoe ka 20% ka ho latellana. Mehato ea leano la ho thusa likhoebo, joalo ka phokotso ea mekhahlelo le phokotso ea litefiso tsa boema-kepe, e fihletse litholoana tsa 'nete. Mafapha a amehang a mmuso a kenya tshebetsong ka ho tiya mokgwa wa taolo ya ditefiso tsa tsamaiso, a hlwekisa le ho beakanya tshebetso le ditefello tsa tshebeletso tsa dikgokelo tsa ho reka kantle ho naha, le ho sebetsa mmoho ho fokotsa ditjeho tsa boikamahanyo tsa mahokelo a ho reka kantle ho naha le kantle ho naha. Khomishene ya Naha ya Ntshetsopele le Nchafatso le mafapha a mang a supileng ka kopanelo a fane le ho kenya tshebetsong moralo wa tshebetso wa ho hlwekisa le ho beakanya ditefiso mawatleng, le ho hlahisa mehato ya leano e kang ho phahamisa le ho ntlafatsa pholisi ya ditefiso tsa boemakepe, ho theha tsamaiso le tsamaiso ya dipatlisiso litefiso tsa boemakepe ba leoatle, le ho etsa maemo le ho tataisa boitšoaro ba lik'hamphani tsa likepe. Ho tloha ka 2018, likou tsohle ho pholletsa le naha li phatlalalitse lethathamo la litefiso, li phatlalalitse litekanyetso tsa ho tjhaja mme li hlokometse theko e tšoailoeng. Lenane la litefiso boema-kepeng ho pholletsa le naha le phatlalalitsoe ho sechaba. Ofisi ea boema-kepe ea mmuso e hlophisitse nts'etsopele ea "fensetere e le 'ngoe" ea litefiso tsa boema-kepe ba naha le sistimi ea tlhahiso ea tlhaiso-leseling ea lits'ebeletso ho khothaletsa tšenolo ea marang-rang le lits'ebeletso tsa lipatlisiso tsa marang-rang tsa boema-kepe, boemeli ba likepe, lipalo le litefiso tse ling boema-kepeng ba naha. Ho khothaletsa ts'ebetsong ea "theko e le 'ngoe feela ea khanya ea letsatsi" mokhoa oa ho tjhaja boemakepeng ba maemo, le ho matlafatsa ponaletso le papiso ea litefiso tsa boema-kepe.
Ea bone, ho tsoela pele ho ntlafatsa boemo ba ho fana ka boitsebiso le ho tsebahatsa ka ho hlaka ha kou. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, eketsa ka matla mosebetsi oa "fensetere e le 'ngoe". Selemong se fetileng, ka lebaka la phello ea boemo ba seoa mabapi le ho kenya le ho romela thepa, "fensetere e le 'ngoe" e ile ea qala ka nako e nepahetseng mosebetsi oa phatlalatso le litšebeletso tsa tumello ea meetlo bakeng sa thepa ea thibelo ea seoa, e fana ka papali e feletseng ho melemo ea ts'ebetso eohle ea inthanete, e lemohuoang. "ho se kopane" bakeng sa litaba tsa khoebo, "zero tieho" bakeng sa tumello ea thepa, "zero hloleha" bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea sistimi, mme e thusitse likhoebo ho qala mosebetsi le tlhahiso. Hlahisa mokhoa oa "khoebo ea kantle ho naha + ea lichelete", qala thekiso ea machaba ea marang-rang, mokoloto oa lichelete, inshorense ea litefiso, inshorense ea kantle ho naha le lits'ebeletso tse ling tsa lichelete, ho rarolla bothata ba mathata a lichelete le litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa lichelete tsa likhoebo tse nyane, tse mahareng le tse nyane. tshehetsa ntshetsopele ya moruo wa sebele. Hajoale, "fensetere e le 'ngoe" e fihletse ho arolelana le ho arolelana tlhahisoleseling le tsamaiso eohle ea mafapha a 25, a sebeletsa likoung tsohle le libaka tse fapaneng tsa Chaena, ka kakaretso ea basebelisi ba ngolisitsoeng ba limilione tse 4.22, lihlopha tse 18 tsa mesebetsi ea litšebeletso tsa motheo, lintho tsa tšebeletso tsa 729. , khoebo e phatlalalitsoeng letsatsi le letsatsi ea limilione tse 12, ha e le hantle e kopanang le litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ea khoebo ea "stop" tsa likhoebo, 'me tekanyo ea litšebeletso tse kenyeletsang e ntse e ntlafatsoa khafetsa. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, re lokela ho khothaletsa ka matla ho fana ka tumello ea litloaelo tse se nang pampiri le tsa elektroniki. Shanghai, Tianjin le likou tse ling tse ka sehloohong tse lebōpong la leoatle li matlafalitse kaho ea sethala sa tšebeletso se akaretsang sa Port Logistics, se tsoela pele ho kenya ts'ebetsong litokomane tsa elektronike tsa lethathamo la thepa ea thepa ea thepa, lenane la ho paka le sekoloto sa thepa, le ho khothalletsa tlhahiso ea elektronike ea likoloto tsa thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling. lik'hamphani tse tsamaisang thepa. Re tla eketsa ts'ebeliso ea li-terminal automation, literaka tsa lijana tse se nang motho le ho bala lipalo ka bohlale, ho khothaletsa phetoho ea "smart port", ho hlokomela ho arolelana data ea lisebelisoa tsa mekha e mengata, le ho ntlafatsa haholo ts'ebetso ea thepa e kenang le kantle ho boema-kepe. Boema-kepe ba bohlokoa ba lebopong ba khothaletsa ka mafolofolo khokahano ea ts'ebeletso e kopaneng ea "customs clearance + logistics" boema-kepeng, ho kenya ts'ebetsong mokhoa oa moeli oa nako bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea boema-kepe e phatlalalitsoeng ke litsi tsa boema-kepe, 'me ba itšetlehe ka "fesetere e le' ngoe" ho sutumelletsa tlhahisoleseling ea tlhahlobo boema-kepeng le boema-kepeng. liteishene tsa ts'ebetso, molemong oa ho matlafatsa tebello ea tumello ea lekhetho la khoebo. E tebisa kaho ea "litloaelo tse bohlale", ho khothaletsa ka matla ho kenya le ts'ebeliso ea h986, CT le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa tlhahlobo ea mochini boema-kepeng ho pholletsa le naha, ho holisa sebaka sa ts'ebeliso ea tlhahlobo e bohlale ea 'mapa, ho eketsa karolo ea tlhahlobo e sa hlaseleng, le ho feta. ntlafatsa katleho ea tlhahlobo.
Ea bohlano, re lokela ho tsoela pele ho hokahanya thibelo le taolo ea seoa sena le ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele e tsitsitseng ea khoebo ea kantle ho naha. Ho tloha ha seoa sena se qhoma selemong se fetileng, Tsamaiso e Akaretsang ea meetlo le mafapha a amehang a sebelitse 'moho ho khothaletsa thibelo le taolo ea seoa sena le ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea moruo le sechaba. Matlafatsa tataiso le khokahanyo bakeng sa likou tsa libaka, ho qala ka potlako mokhoa oa ho arabela maemo a tšohanyetso bakeng sa maemo a tšohanyetso a bophelo bo botle ba sechaba likoung, le ho matlafatsa taolo le Quarantine ea basebetsi ba ho tsoa; Khomarela thibelo le taolo e nepahetseng, kenya tšebetsong mehato e arohaneng ea thibelo le taolo ho latela litšobotsi tse fapaneng tsa boema-kepe ba moea, metsi le naha, fetola ka matla maano a karabelo ea seoa sa koung, 'me ka nako e loketseng u koale sebaka sa tlhahlobo ea boema-kepe ba moeli ho latela molao-motheo oa "ho emisa baeti. le phallo ea thepa”. Ho etsa lipatlisiso le ho nts'etsapele ts'ebetso ea ponts'o ea ts'ebetso ea boema-kepe le sistimi ea tlhahlobo, ho lekola boemo ba ts'ebetso ea likou tsa naha, haholo boema-kepe ba moeling, ho etsa mosebetsi o tiileng ho thibela le ho laola ho tsoa ha seoa sa mose ho maoatle ho tsoa likoung, le ho theha mohala oa ts'ireletso oa thibelo ea ho tsoa kantle ho naha. .
Moqolotsi oa litaba: ka mor'a phello ea seoa sena, khoebo ea kantle ho naha ea Chaena e ile ea hlaphoheloa ka potlako karolong ea bobeli ea selemo se fetileng. Ha e kopantsoe le litšoaneleho tsa khoebo ea marang-rang le ho hola ha literene tsa China EU, ke joang Tsamaiso e Akaretsang ea Litloaelo (ofisi ea boema-kepe) e ka ntlafatsang tikoloho ea khoebo ea boema-kepe joang? Ho latela mokhoa oa hajoale oa nts'etsopele ea khoebo ea kantle ho naha, ke mefokolo efe ea ho ntlafatsa tikoloho ea khoebo ea boema-kepe le mokhoa oa ho e ntlafatsa mohatong o latelang? Joang ho aha sethala se bonolo haholoanyane bakeng sa khoebo le matsete a likhoebo tsa kantle ho naha China? Mehlala ea ho arolelana ke efe?
Dang Yingjie: Ha re bua ka kakaretso, ho tloha halofong ea bobeli ea selemo se fetileng, ts'ebetso ea khoebo ea kantle ho naha ea China e bolokile mokhoa o tsosolosang le oa kholo e potlakileng. Novel coronavirus pneumonia e ntse e ata lefatšeng ka bophara, mme maemo a moruo oa lefats'e a ntse a rarahane ebile a tebile. Nts'etsopele ea khoebo ea kantle ho naha e tobane le lintlha tse ngata tse sa tsitsang. Leha ho le joalo, meetlo ea Chaena e lula e ntlafatsa le ho ntlafatsa tsamaiso ea taolo, 'me e hlahisitse letoto la mehato e lebisitsoeng ho tšehetsa nts'etsopele e hlophisehileng ea bafani ba motlakase ba tšelang meeli le Europe bohareng. Mohlala, Customs e phatlalalitse khothatso e felletseng ea mehato ea taolo ea thekiso ea thepa e kantle ho meeli ea e-commerce, e entseng boqapi ba khoebo ea e-commerce e tšelang moeli ho isa khoebong (B2B) mofofisi oa thepa ea kantle ho naha (B2B), e atolositseng lisebelisoa tsa e-commerce tse thellang. liteishene, li entse sohle se matleng a tsona ho netefatsa ho hlakisoa ka mokhoa o hlophisehileng ha lihlahisoa tsa khoebo tsa e-commerce tse tšelang meeli tse kang "double 11", le lipalo tse ntlafalitsoeng tsa e-commerce le mehato e meng. The General Administration of Customs e fane ka mehato ea 10 ho tšehetsa nts'etsopele ea literene tsa China EU, tse tla matlafatsa tsoelo-pele ea literene tsa China EU ka ho lumella ho kopanngoa ha lipontšo tsa terene, ka katleho ho fokotsa palo ea phatlalatso ea meetlo, ho tšehetsa kaho ea terene ea China EU. liteishene tsa hub, le ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea khoebo ea lipalangoang tsa literene tse ngata tsa China EU.
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, tikoloho ea khoebo ea boema-kepe ea China e 'nile ea ntlafatsoa khafetsa' me ho fihletsoe litholoana tse ntle. Leha ho le joalo, ho ntse ho e-na le mathata le mathata a mang a ho benchmarking khahlanong le theknoloji e tsoetseng pele ea machaba. Ka mohlala, ho tloha selemong se fetileng, likhoebo tsa ho kenya le ho romela ntle ho naha li bontšitse hore matla a lipalangoang tsa litsela tsa machaba a thata, 'me "sekontiri se le seng se thata ho fumana"' me mathata a mang a hloka ho rarolloa ka ho rera le ho hokahanya ka kakaretso. Ka lebaka la litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa likhoebo, ho ntse ho e-na le "makhotla a makhutšoane" pusong ea tšebelisano ea boema-kepe, tšebelisano-'moho e tebileng pakeng tsa meetlo le likhoebo, le ho arolelana lintlha tsa mafapha, tse lokelang ho tlatsetsoa.
E le ho lumellana hantle le litekanyetso tsa machaba tse tsoetseng pele, ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho likhathatso tsa libapali tsa 'maraka, le ho khothalletsa tsoelo-pele ea boleng bo phahameng ba khoebo ea linaheng tse ling, qalong ea selemo sena, Tsamaiso ea Kakaretso ea Meetlo e hlophisitse le ho thakhola khato e khethehileng ea likhoeli tse' nè ho khothaletsa ts'ebetso ea khoebo ea ho tšela meeli ka 2021 metseng e robeli (boema-kepe) ho pholletsa le naha. ” e amehang ke libapali tsa hajoale tsa mebaraka mabapi le ts'ebetso ea ho ntlafatsa, ho fokotsa litšenyehelo, ho hatella nako le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso. Hona joale, mesebetsi eohle e ntse e tsoela pele hantle 'me e fihletse liphello tse lebeletsoeng.
Mohlala, ka lebaka la litšoaneleho tsa tsamaiso ea likepe tsa leoatle, ho nka nako e telele hore thepa e tsamaee ka har'a tsamaiso ea ho lahla thepa le mekhoa ea ts'ebetso ea boema-kepe boema-kepeng. Boleng ba thepa e nang le litlhoko tse nakong, joalo ka litholoana tse tsoang kantle ho naha, bo atisa ho senyeha ka lebaka la ho koalloa boema-kepeng, 'me thepa e meng e hlokahalang ka potlako e atisa ho sitoa ho kena ka har'a sekepe ka lebaka la thepa e ngata ea ho kenya le ho romela thepa boema-kepe. tlhophiso ea ts'ebetso e salletseng morao le lintlha tse ling, Ho tobana le tahlehelo ea litšenyehelo tsa ho behela le kotsi ea ho tlola konteraka. E le ho ntlafatsa katleho ea phallo ea lekhetho boema-kepeng ba maoatle, re khothaletsa ka matla ho kengoa tšebetsong ha teko ea "ship side direct delivery" ea thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha le "ho fihla ka kotloloho" thepa ea kantle ho maemakepe a nang le litsebo, molemong oa ho fana ka tumello e eketsehileng ea boikhethelo. mekhoa bakeng sa likhoebo. Ka ho hokahanya liteishene tsa boema-kepe, beng ba thepa, baemeli ba likepe, ba tsamaisang thepa, likhoebo tsa lipalangoang le likarolo tse ling, ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ka mekhoa e mengata, ho hlokomela tokollo ea thepa ha e fihla, ho ntlafatsa ka nepo ts'ebetso ea tumello ea lekhetho, ho fokotsa nako le litsenyehelo tsa ho laolla le ho laolla thepa, ho paka, ho ema setsing sa polokelo, ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa lits'enyehelo tsa likhoebo, le ho lokolla bokhoni ba ho bokella setsi. Hona joale, khoebo ea "direct loading" le "direct delivery" e 'nile ea etsoa haholo likoung tse khōlō tse lebōpong la leoatle, e leng se tlisitseng phaello ea sebele likhoebong. Ho nka mohlala oa Tianjin Port, ka ho sebelisa mokhoa oa "ho phahamisa lehlakoreng la sekepe ka ho toba", nako ea ho tloha ha thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling e fihla ho emela ho romelloa le ho romelloa e fokotsehile ho tloha matsatsing a pele a 2-3 ho ea ho lihora tse ka tlaase ho 3.
Mohloli: Tsamaiso e Akaretsang ea Meetlo
Nako ea poso: Jun-04-2021