Nguva pfupi yadarika, webhusaiti yeGeneral Administration of Customs yakaburitsa chinyorwa chemutevedzeri wemukuru wehofisi yeHurumende kunze kwenyika achipindura mibvunzo kubva kuvatori venhau. Mazhinji acho ane hukama nekutakura zvinhu, sekuvandudza kugona kwese kwekunze uye kutumira kunze kwenyika kubvumidzwa, kuvandudza ruzivo uye hungwaru nhanho yekubvumidzwa kwechiteshi, uye nekuwedzera yakatsetseka yekuyambuka e-commerce logistics chiteshi. Mashoko acho ndeaya:
mufananidzo
Mutori wenhau: mumakore mashoma apfuura, China chiteshi chebhizinesi nharaunda yakaramba ichigadziridzwa. Matanho api akatorwa neGeneral Administration of Customs kuenderera mberi nekusimudzira kufambiswa kwetsika, kuvandudza kushanda kwetsika, kuderedza mutengo wekutevedzwa kwekutengesa kunze kwenyika uye kutumira kunze kwenyika, uye kuita zvese kuedza kusimudzira kugadzikana kwekutengeserana kwekunze nekudyara kwekunze?
Dang Yingjie: sedhipatimendi rinotungamira mukugadzirisa nharaunda yebhizinesi pazviteshi, General Administration yetsika, pamwe nemadhipatimendi ehurumende akakodzera nehurumende dzenzvimbo, yakanyatso kuita sarudzo nezvirongwa zveBato Central Committee uye State Council, yakaramba ichiwedzera basa, rakaunza nhevedzano yemitemo nematanho, rakatora nhevedzano yezviyero zvakaoma, kusimba kutarisisa, optimized masevhisi, uye kuenderera mberi nekuvandudza mwero wekuyambuka-muganho kutengeserana kufambisa, Yakapa mupiro wakakodzera mukusimudzirwa kwemhando yepamusoro uye yakakwirira. -danho rekuvhurwa kwekutengeserana kunze kwenyika. Inonyanya kuratidzwa mu:
Chekutanga, wedzera kukwenenzvera magwaro ekutarisa ekunze uye ekunze. Muna 2020, General Administration yetsika, pamwe chete nemadhipatimendi akakodzera, ichaenderera mberi nekugadzirisa uye kuongorora zvitupa zvekutarisira kunze uye kunze. Zvinoenderana nemusimboti we "kukanzura zvitupa zvinogona kukanzurwa, nekukanzura zvitupa zvinogona kubuda pachiteshi kuti zvionekwe", General Administration yeCustoms icharamba ichikurudzira kurerutswa kwezvitupa zvekutarisa, uye kuona kubatanidzwa kwemhando mbiri. yezvitupa zvekutarisa kunze kwenyika uye kubviswa kweimwe mhando yeChitupa cheSupervision kubva muna Ndira 1, 2021. Parizvino, huwandu hwezvitupa zvinofanirwa kusimbiswa mukupinza uye kutumira kunze kwenyika zvinongedzo zvakaderedzwa kubva pa86 muna 2017 kusvika 41, a yakaderera ne52.3%. Pakati peaya marudzi makumi mana nerimwe ezvitupa zvekutarisira, kunze kwemhando nhatu dzisingakwanise kubatika paInternet nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu, mamwe ese makumi matatu nemasere ezvitupa akaiswa uye akabatwa online. Pakati pavo, 23 marudzi ezvitupa akagamuchirwa kuburikidza ne "hwindo rimwechete" rekutengeserana kwenyika. Zvese zvitupa zvekutarisa zvakaenzaniswa otomatiki uye kutariswa mumaitiro ekubvisa tsika, uye mabhizinesi haafanire kuendesa mapepa ekutarisa zvitupa kune tsika.
Chechipiri, wedzera kudzikisira nguva yese yekubvumidzwa kwekunze nekunze zvinhu. Hofisi yechiteshi chezviteshi chehurumende inofanirwa kusimbaradza kutungamira kwezviteshi zvemuno, kugara ichitarisa uye kushuma nguva yekubvumidzwa kwematunhu ese (matunhu anozvitonga nemanisiparati), uye kusimbisa kurongeka kwezviteshi zvakakosha kuti kuderedze kukonzeresa kwedenda pakutenga nekunze. Pachikonzero chekuremekedza mabhizinesi akazvimirira sarudzo yekubvumidzwa kwetsika, tsika yenyika inogara ichivandudza nzira yekushivirira, inokurudzira mabhizinesi kusarudza "kuzivisa kwekutanga", inowedzera mutyairi we "matanho maviri kuzivisa" kupinza, uye kuderedza nguva. yekugadzirira chiziviso, kugadzirwa kwekufambisa uye kubvumidzwa kwetsika. Muzviteshi zvezvikepe zvine hunyanzvi, zvinofanirwa kushingaira kutyaira uye kusimudzira "kudivi rengarava kutumirwa kwakananga" kwezvinhu zvekunze uye "kuuya zvakananga kurodha" kwezvinhu kunze kwenyika, kuitira kuti mabhizinesi awedzere kutarisira nguva yekubvumidzwa kwetsika uye kufambisa mabhizinesi kuronga zvine musoro. zvekufambisa, kugadzira uye kushanda mabasa. Kune zvikamu zvemotokari zvakatengeswa kunze kwenyika zvakasunungurwa kubva kuCCC certification, chiziviso chichaitwa kusati kwasimbiswa, uye kugamuchirwa kwemigumisiro yekuongorora kwechitatu kuchaenderera mberi. Kuburikidza nematanho ari pamusoro apa, nguva yekuregererwa kwetsika pachiteshi yakaderedzwa zvakanyanya. Zvinoenderana nenhamba, muna Kurume 2021, nguva yese yekubvumidzwa kunze kwenyika yaive maawa makumi matatu nenomwe, uye nguva yekubvumidza kunze kwenyika yaive maawa 1.67. Kuenzaniswa ne2017, iyo yakazara yekupinza uye yekunze mvumo nguva yakaderedzwa neinopfuura 50%.
Chechitatu, wedzera kuderedza mutengo wekupinza uye kutevedzera kunze kwenyika. Gore rapfuura, kuitira kuderedza kukanganiswa kwedenda kumabhizinesi uye kubatsira mabhizinesi kusimuka pamusoro pematambudziko, musangano mukuru weState Council wakadzokorora nyaya yekudzikisa mutero uye kuderedzwa kwemuripo. Kubva munaKurume 1, mari yekuvaka chiteshi chekupinza uye kutumira kunze kwenyika yakaregererwa, uye zviyero zvekuchaja zvemubhadharo webasa rechiteshi uye mubhadharo wekuchengetedza chiteshi wakaderedzwa ne20% zvichiteerana. Matanho emutemo wekubatsira mabhizinesi, sekuderedzwa nechikamu uye kudzikiswa kwemitengo yechiteshi, akawana mhedzisiro chaiyo. Madhipatimendi akakodzera ehurumende anonyatso shandisa manejimendi emubhadharo wekutonga, kuchenesa uye kuenzanisa mashandiro uye masevhisi emari yekutumira uye kutumira kunze kwenyika, uye kushanda pamwechete kudzikisa mitengo yekuteedzera yekuunza uye kutumira kunze kwenyika. Komisheni yeNational Development and Reform Commission nemamwe madhipatimendi manomwe vakapa pamwe nekuita hurongwa hwekubvisa uye kuenzanisa miripo pazviteshi zvegungwa, uye kuisa mberi matanho emitemo akaita sekusimudzira nekuvandudza mutemo wekubhadharisa zviteshi, kumisa hurongwa hwekutarisa nekuongorora. kubhadharisa pazviteshi zvegungwa, uye kuenzanisa uye kutungamira maitiro ekuchaja emakambani ekutumira. Kubva 2018, zviteshi zvese munyika zvakazivisa ruzhinji runyorwa rwemiripo, vakazivisa zviyero zvekuchaja uye vakaziva mutengo wakamaka. Rondedzero yezvinobhadhariswa pazviteshi munyika yose yakaziviswa kune veruzhinji. Hofisi yechiteshi chezvikepe yakaronga kuvandudzwa kwe "hwindo rimwechete" kubhadharisa chiteshi chengarava uye sevhisi yekuburitsa ruzivo hurongwa kusimudzira kuburitswa kwepamhepo uye online kubvunza masevhisi echiteshi, mumiriri wekutakura, tally uye zvimwe zvinobhadharisa kumachiteshi enyika. Kukurudzira kushandiswa kwe "one-stop sunshine price" yekuchaja modhi pazviteshi zvezviteshi, uye kuwedzera kujeka uye kuenzaniswa kwemitengo yechiteshi.
Chechina, wedzera kuvandudza mwero wekuzivisa uye huchenjeri hwekucheneswa kwechiteshi. Kune rumwe rutivi, wedzera nesimba "hwindo rimwechete" basa. Gore rapfuura, tichifunga nezvekukanganisa kwedenda pakupinza uye kutumira kunze kwenyika, "hwindo rimwechete" rakatangisa basa rekuzivisa uye kucheneswa kwetsika yezvinhu zvekudzivirira denda, rakapa kutamba kwakazara kune zvakanakira chirongwa chese online, chakaitika. "zero kuonana" kune zvebhizinesi, "zero kunonoka" kubvumidzwa kwezvinhu, "zero kutadza" kwekushanda kwehurongwa, uye yakabatsira mabhizinesi kutangazve basa nekugadzira. Gadzira iyo "yekunze kutengeserana + mari" modhi, tanga online epasirese pekugara, chikwereti chemari, tariff garandi inishuwarenzi, kunze kwechikwereti inishuwarenzi uye mamwe masevhisi emari, zvinogadzirisa dambudziko rekunetsa kwemari uye kudhura kwakanyanya kwemari yemabhizinesi madiki, epakati uye madiki, uye tsigira kusimudzirwa kwehupfumi chaihwo. Parizvino, "hwindo rimwe chete" rakawana docking uye kugovana ruzivo nehurongwa hwese hwemadhipatimendi makumi maviri neshanu, kushandira zviteshi zvese nematunhu akasiyana muChina, ine huwandu hwe4.22 miriyoni vashandisi vakanyoreswa, 18 zvikamu zvebasa rekutanga mabasa, 729 sevhisi zvinhu. , 12 miriyoni zuva nezuva rinoziviswa bhizinesi, rinosangana ne "imwe-stop" bhizinesi kugadzirisa zvinodiwa zvemabhizinesi, uye dhigirii rebasa rinosanganisirwa rakagara richivandudzwa. Kune rumwe rutivi, tinofanira kusimudzira zvakasimba kusununguka kusina mapepa uye zvemagetsi. Shanghai, Tianjin nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakakosha dzemahombekombe dzakasimbisa kuvakwa kwePort Logistics comprehensive service platform, kuenderera mberi nekushandisa magwaro emagetsi emidziyo yemidziyo yekupa runyoro, rondedzero yekurongedza uye bhiri rekutakura, uye nekusimudzira kuburitswa kwemagetsi kwekutumira mabhiri ekutakura nekunze. makambani ekutakura. Isu tichawedzera mashandisirwo emagetsi emagetsi, marori emidziyo asina kunyorwa uye kuverengera zvine hungwaru, kusimudzira shanduko ye "smart port", kuona akawanda-mapato kugovana kwedata rekutakura, uye nekuvandudza zvakanyanya kushanda kwezvinhu mukati nekubuda kwechiteshi. Zviteshi zvemahombekombe zvemahombekombe zvinoshingairira kusimudzira kubatana kwesevhisi ye "customs clearance + logistics" pazviteshi, shandisa iyo nguva yekumisikidza hurongwa hwekuita kwechiteshi chakaziviswa nechiteshi chengarava, uye kuvimba ne "hwindo rimwechete" kusundira ruzivo rwechiziviso kune zviteshi nechiteshi. mashandiro ezviteshi, kuitira kuwedzera tarisiro yekubvumidzwa kwebhizinesi tsika. Kudzika kuvakwa kwe "smart tsika", kusimudzira nesimba kuisirwa uye kushandiswa kweh986, CT nemimwe michina yekuongorora muchina pazviteshi munyika yese, wedzera huwandu hwekushandisa kwehungwaru hwekuongorora kwemepu, kuwedzera chikamu chekusapindira kwekuongorora, uye kuenderera mberi. kuvandudza kushanda kwekuongorora.
Chechishanu, tinofanira kuenderera mberi nekubatanidza kudzivirira nekudzora denda uye kusimudzira kusimukira kwakadzikama kwekutengeserana kunze kwenyika. Kubva pakatanga denda iri gore rapfuura, General Administration of customs nemadhipatimendi akakodzera akashanda pamwe chete kukurudzira kudzivirira nekudzora denda iri uye kukurudzira budiriro yehupfumi nemagariro. Simbisa nhungamiro uye kurongeka kwezviteshi zvenzvimbo, nekukurumidza tanga nzira yekupindura yekukurumidzira yenjodzi huru dzehutano hweveruzhinji pazviteshi, uye simbisa kutonga uye Quarantine yevashandi vanopinda-vanobuda; Temerera pakudzivirira uye kutonga kwakaringana, shandisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekudzivirira nekudzora zvinoenderana nehunhu hwakasiyana hwemhepo, mvura uye zviteshi zvepasi, gadzirisa zvine simba nzira dzekupindura denda rechiteshi, uye nenguva yekuvhara nzira yekuongorora chiteshi maererano nemusimboti we "kumira kwevafambi. uye kutakura zvinhu". Tsvagiridza uye gadzira iyo yenyika chiteshi chekuratidzira uye yekuongorora system, kutarisa mamiriro ekushanda kwezviteshi zvenyika, kunyanya zviteshi zvemuganho, ita basa rakasimba mukudzivirira nekudzora kupinza kwedenda rekunze kubva kumadoko, uye kuvaka tambo yekudzivirira yekudzivirira kunze kwenyika. .
Mutori wenhau: mushure mekukanganisa kwedenda, kutengeserana kwekunze kweChina kwakadzoka nekukurumidza muhafu yechipiri yegore rapfuura. Yakasanganiswa nehunhu hwekuyambuka-muganho e-commerce uye kuputika kwekukura kweChina EU zvitima, iyo General Administration yeCustoms (state port hofisi) inogona sei kukwirisa nharaunda yebhizinesi rechiteshi? Tichifunga nezvemaitiro aripo ekuvandudzwa kwekutengeserana kwekunze, ndedzipi zvikanganiso zvekunatsiridza nharaunda yebhizinesi rechiteshi uye maitiro ekuvandudza mudanho rinotevera? Nzira yekuvaka sei chikuva chiri nyore chekutengeserana kwemabhizinesi ekunze uye kudyara muChina? Ndeipi mienzaniso yekugovera?
Dang Yingjie: Kazhinji kutaura, kubva muhafu yechipiri yegore rapfuura, kutengeserana kweChina kune dzimwe nyika kwakachengetedza maitiro ekudzoreredza uye nekukurumidza kukura. Novel coronavirus pneumonia ichiri kupararira pasirese, uye mamiriro ehupfumi hwenyika achiri akaoma uye akaomarara. Kubudirira kwekutengeserana kune dzimwe nyika kunotarisana nezvinhu zvakawanda zvisina kugadzikana. Nekudaro, tsika dzeChina dzinogara dzichivandudza uye nekunatsiridza hurongwa hwekutonga, uye yakatanga nhevedzano yenhanho dzakanangwa kutsigira kurongeka kwekusimudzira kwevanopa magetsi ekuyambuka uye nechepakati peEurope. Semuyenzaniso, iyo Customs yakatanga kusimudzira kwakadzama kwekuyambuka-muganho e-commerce ekutengesa kunze kwekutengesa kudzoka kwekutarisa matanho, yakaitwa yekuvandudza e-commerce bhizinesi rekutengesa kune bhizinesi (B2B) mutyairi wekutengesa kunze, akawedzera akatsetseka e-commerce logistics. chiteshi, vakaedza neparinogona napo kuona kurongeka kwetsika kuyambuka-muganho e-commerce bhizinesi peak zvinhu zvakaita se "double 11", uye yakagadziridzwa yecross-border e-commerce manhamba nemamwe matanho. The General Administration of Customs yakapa matanho gumi ekutsigira kuvandudzwa kweChina EU zvitima, izvo zvichasimudzira kuvandudzwa kweChina EU zvitima nekubvumira kubatanidzwa kwezvitima zvinoratidzira, zvinobudirira kuderedza nhamba yekuzivisa tsika, kutsigira kuvakwa kweChina EU chitima. hub zviteshi, uye kusimudzira kusimudzira kweChina EU chitima multimodal transport bhizinesi.
Mumakore achangopfuura, nzvimbo yebhizinesi yechiteshi cheChina yakaramba ichigadziridzwa uye mhedzisiro inoshamisa yave kuwanikwa. Nekudaro, pachine mamwe matambudziko uye matambudziko mukumisikidza kunopesana neiyo nyika yepamusoro tekinoroji. Semuyenzaniso, kubva gore rapfuura, mabhizinesi ekupinza uye kunze kwenyika aratidza kuti kutakura kwenzira dzepasirese kwakamanikana, uye "mudziyo mumwe wakaoma kuwana" uye mamwe matambudziko anofanirwa kugadziriswa kuburikidza nekuronga kwese uye kurongeka. Tichifunga nezvezvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvemabhizinesi, kuchine "mabhodhi mapfupi" mukutonga kwekudyidzana kwechiteshi, kudyidzana kwakadzama pakati petsika nemabhizinesi, uye kugovana data kwedhipatimendi, izvo zvinoda kuwedzerwa.
Kuti uenzanise zvirinani zviyero zvepasirese zvepamberi, tarisa kune zvinonetsa zvevatambi vemusika, uye kusimudzira kusimudzira kwemhando yepamusoro yekutengesa kune dzimwe nyika, mukutanga kwegore rino, General Administration yeCustoms yakaronga uye yakatanga mwedzi mina yakakosha chiitiko kurudzira kufambiswa kwekutengeserana mumuganhu muna 2021 mumaguta masere (zviteshi) munyika yese State Administration yekutarisa misika nemamwe madhipatimendi vakabatana vakatanga mitemo gumi nesere uye matanho ekugadzirisa matambudziko e "blocking point", "pain point" uye "mapoinzi akaoma." ” inonetsekana nevatambi vemusika varipo maererano nekugadzirisa maitiro, kudzikisa mutengo, kudzvanya nguva nekuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka. Parizvino, mabasa ese ari kufambira mberi zvakanaka uye akawana mhedzisiro inotarisirwa.
Semuyenzaniso, nekuda kwehunhu hwemaritime logistics, zvinotora nguva yakati rebei kuti zvinhu zvifambe nemukucheneswa kwetsika uye nzira dzekushanda pachiteshi chengarava. Hunhu hwezvinhu zvine chekuita nenguva, semichero inotengeswa kunze kwenyika, hunenge huchidzikira nekuda kwekuvharirwa pachiteshi, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinodiwa nekuchimbidza kunze kwenyika zvinowanzotadza kupinda muchikepe nekuda kwekuwanda kwezvinhu uye kutumira kunze kwenyika pachiteshi, hurongwa hwekushaikwa kwekushanda uye zvimwe zvinhu, Kutarisana nekurasikirwa kwemutengo wekubhuka uye njodzi yekutyorwa kwekondirakiti. Kuti tivandudze mashandiro ekubvisa tsika pazviteshi zvezvikepe zvemugungwa, tinosimudzira nesimba kuyedza kuitiswa kwe "ship side direct delivery" yezvigadzirwa kubva kunze kwenyika uye "kusvika kurodha" kwezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kumachiteshi ane hunyanzvi, kuitira kuti tipe mukana wekubvumidzwa kwetsika. modes kumabhizinesi. Kuburikidza nekubatana kwezviteshi zvechiteshi, varidzi vemitoro, vamiririri vengarava, vanotakura zvinhu, mabhizinesi ekufambisa uye mamwe mayuniti, gadzirisa maitiro ekushanda munzira dzakawanda, kuona kuburitswa kwezvinhu pakusvika, kunyatso vandudza kushanda kwetsika, kuderedza nguva uye mutengo wekurodha uye kurodha, kurongedza, kumirira kune terminal, kuderedza mutengo wezvishandiso wemabhizinesi, uye kusunungura huwandu hwekurongedza kweiyo terminal. Parizvino, bhizinesi re "kurodha" uye "kutumira zvakananga" rave richiitwa zvakanyanya mumahombekombe makuru emahombekombe, izvo zvakaunza migove chaiyo kumabhizinesi. Kutora Tianjin Port semuenzaniso, nekutora nzira ye "chikepe chedivi chakananga kusimudza", nguva kubva pakuuya kwezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwekumirira kurodha uye kutumira inoderedzwa kubva pamazuva ekutanga 2-3 kusvika pasi peawa matatu.
Kwakabva: General Administration yeCustoms
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-04-2021