Nk’uko amakuru aturuka muri Barcelona, Espanye abitangaza ngo inkwi z’ibabi zikwirakwira hose ku isi kandi zigatera igihombo kinini mu bukungu kandi zikangiza ingaruka z’ibihingwa bitandukanye, biteganijwe ko zizagenzurwa. Ishami rishinzwe iterambere muri Espagne lainco hamwe n’ikigo gishinzwe guhanga ubuzima n’ikigo cya kaminuza ya helona (cidsv) cyatangije neza igisubizo cyiza nyuma y’imyaka itanu y’ubushakashatsi. Iyi gahunda ntishobora gusa kugenzura no gukumira inkongi y’amababi gusa, ahubwo ishobora no kugira ingaruka ku zindi ndwara ziterwa na bagiteri zibangamira ibihingwa, nka Pseudomonas syringae indwara ya kiwifruit ninyanya, indwara ya Xanthomonas yimbuto zamabuye nigiti cya almande, umuriro w’amapera nibindi. .
Ibibabi byamababi Scorch ifatwa nkimwe mubitera indwara yangiza cyane cyane ibiti byimbuto. Irashobora kuganisha ku bimera no kubora. Mubihe bikomeye cyane, bizatuma yumisha amababi y amashami kugeza amashami yose apfuye. Mu bihe byashize, uburyo bwo kugenzura ibibabi by’ibabi ubusanzwe kwari ugukuraho no kurimbura ibihingwa byose birwaye mu gace katewe kugira ngo hatabaho ikwirakwizwa rya bagiteri. Nyamara, ubu buryo ntibushobora gukumira burundu ikwirakwizwa ryikibabi cya scorch pathogen. Biravugwa ko iki kimera cyatewe cyane ku mugabane wa Amerika, Uburasirazuba bwo hagati, Aziya n'Uburayi. Ibihingwa byangiza birimo imizabibu, igiti cyumwelayo, igiti cyimbuto zamabuye, igiti cya almonde, igiti cya citrusi nibindi biti byimbuto, nabyo byazanye igihombo kinini mubukungu. Bigereranijwe ko muri Californiya, muri Amerika hari icyiciro kimwe cyinzabibu, gitera igihombo cyamadorari miliyoni 104 US $ buri mwaka kubera ibibabi byamababi. Kuva havumburwa ibibabi by’ibabi mu Burayi mu 2013, kubera gukwirakwira kwayo, iyi virusi yashyizwe ku rutonde rw’umushinga w’udukoko twangiza udukoko tw’umuryango w’umuryango w’ibihugu by’Uburayi na Mediterane (EPPO). Ubushakashatsi bujyanye n’uburayi bwerekana ko hatabayeho ingamba zifatika zo gukumira no kugenzura, ibibabi by’ibabi byangiza mu busitani bwa elayo bizakwirakwira ku bushake, kandi bikaba bivugwa ko igihombo cy’ubukungu gishobora kugera kuri miliyari y'amayero mu myaka 50.
Nka sosiyete R & D n’inganda yibanda ku kurinda ibihingwa, lainco muri Espagne yiyemeje gushakisha igisubizo nyacyo cyo guhangana n’ikwirakwizwa ry’ikibabi cy’ibabi ku isi kuva mu 2016. Hashingiwe ku bushakashatsi bwimbitse bwakozwe ku bimera bimwe na bimwe byingenzi amavuta, ishami rya lainco R & D ryatangiye kugerageza gukoresha amavuta yingenzi ya Eucalyptus kugirango uhangane na bagiteri yangiza amababi, kandi bigera kubisubizo byiza. Nyuma yibyo, ikigo cy’ubuzima bushya bwo guteza imbere no guteza imbere kaminuza ya helona (cidsv), kiyobowe na Dr. Emilio Montesinos, cyatangije imishinga y’ubufatanye yibanda ku mavuta y’ibanze ya Eucalyptus y’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere, bikomeza kugena imikorere y’ibicuruzwa bikomoka kuri peteroli, kandi yihutishije umushinga kuva muri laboratoire kugeza mubikorwa bifatika. Byongeye kandi, lainco yemeje binyuze mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe ko iki gisubizo gisanzwe nacyo gikwiriye mu kugenzura ikwirakwizwa ry’indwara ya Pseudomonas syringae y’indwara ya kiwifruit n’inyanya, indwara ya Xanthomonas y’imbuto zamabuye n’ibiti bya almande hamwe n’indwara ya puwaro yavuzwe haruguru.
Ingingo y'ingenzi muri iki gisubizo gishya ni uko ari uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura no gukumira ibidukikije, byoroshye kubishyira mu bikorwa, kandi nta byangiza ibihingwa birwaye n’inyamaswa n’ibimera bifitanye isano. Ibicuruzwa bihagaze neza cyane hamwe nubushyuhe bwicyumba, kandi bigira ingaruka zidasanzwe mukurinda indwara ziterwa na bagiteri. Biravugwa ko fungicide ya lainco imaze kubona ipatanti yibicuruzwa muri Espagne kandi izamurwa kandi ikoreshwe kwisi yose mumezi make. Guhera mu 2022, lainco izabanza gukora gahunda yo kwiyandikisha no kwemererwa muri Amerika no mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, byatangiriye mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe byo muri Amerika yepfo.
Lainco nisosiyete ikora imiti iteza imbere, ikora, igapakira kandi ikagurisha ibicuruzwa bya phytosanitarite na farumasi. Kugeza ubu, isosiyete ifite ibisubizo byinshi byo gukingira ibihingwa, cyane cyane ibisubizo bishya bya biostimulant hamwe n’ifumbire mvaruganda. Muri icyo gihe, isosiyete ikora icyitegererezo cyiterambere kandi kirambye hamwe nubwiza bwibicuruzwa, guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga no kubahiriza ibidukikije.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-12-2022