Vuba aha, Chengdu, Wuhan, Shenzhen hamwe n’indi mijyi basohoye gahunda y’ubutaka n’ikirere umwe umwe, kubera ko ari ubwa mbere uturere twose dusohora gahunda zizaza nyuma yo “kubahiriza byinshi”, bikurura abantu benshi ku isi.
Mu bihe byashize, gahunda zasohokaga ahantu hose. Ndetse no mu ntangiriro za manda nshya, gahunda zatanzwe cyane, bituma gahunda zigenda ziba ingorabahizi, amakuru avuguruzanya no gushyira mu bikorwa bigoye n’ubuyobozi bukuru. Muri 2019, Ubushinwa bwatanze ibitekerezo byinshi ku bijyanye no gushyiraho gahunda yo guteganya ubutaka no kugenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo, busaba ko hajyaho igenamigambi ry’ahantu nko guteganya ibikorwa by’ibanze bikora, igenamigambi ry’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka n’imigambi yo mu mijyi n’icyaro muri gahunda y’ubutaka ihuriweho, no kuyishyira mu bikorwa. ya “amabwiriza menshi muri imwe”.
Nibihe bintu byaranze ubutaka noguteganya ikirere byasohotse ahantu hose?
Dukurikije umushinga w’ibishushanyo mbonera by’ubutaka n’umwanya (2020-2035) biherutse gutangazwa i Chengdu, abantu n’imijyi bizagenwa n’amazi. Ukurikije imbogamizi z’umutungo w’amazi utwara ubushobozi n’ibikoresho ndetse n’ibidukikije bitwara ubushobozi, hemejwe ko umubare w’abaturage bahoraho uzagenzurwa kuri miliyoni 24 mu 2035. Urebye urujya n'uruza rw’abaturage n’ikibazo kidashidikanywaho cy’iterambere ry’abaturage, ubuvuzi ndetse n’abaturage ibikoresho bya serivisi nk'uburezi no gutwara abantu n'ibikorwa remezo bya komini.
Mu ibarura rya karindwi ry’igihugu, abaturage bahoraho ba Chengdu barenze miliyoni 20 ku nshuro yabo ya mbere, bagera kuri miliyoni 20.938. Numujyi wa kane utuwe nabaturage bahoraho barenga miliyoni 20 nyuma ya Chongqing, Shanghai na Beijing.
Muri gahunda, undi mujyi utuwe n'abaturage barenga miliyoni 20 mu bihe biri imbere ni Guangzhou. Nko mu mwaka wa 2019, Guangzhou yafashe iya mbere mu gutanga gahunda rusange y’ubutaka n’ikirere cya Guangzhou (2018-2035), ivuga ko abaturage bahoraho mu 2035 bazaba miliyoni 20, kandi ibikorwa remezo n’ibikorwa bya Leta bizatangwa hakurikijwe ku baturage serivisi ya miliyoni 25.
Indi mijyi irashobora kudindiza ubwiyongere bwabaturage mugihe kiri imbere. Gahunda iherutse gushyirwa ahagaragara na Shenzhen yerekana ko ifata “umurwa mukuru wo guhanga udushya, kwihangira imirimo no guhanga udushya, ndetse n'inzu ituwe kandi yishimye ya Hemei” nk'icyerekezo cyo mu mujyi wa 2035, ikanashyira ahagaragara ko mu 2035, hateganijwe ko abaturage bahoraho bazahoraho Miliyoni 19, imiyoborere nyayo na serivisi abaturage bazaba miliyoni 23, naho ubutaka bwubatswe buzagenzurwa muri kilometero kare 1105.
Ibyavuye mu ibarura rya karindwi ry’igihugu byerekana ko abaturage ba Shenzhen bahoraho ari miliyoni 17.5601, biyongereyeho miliyoni 7.1361, biyongereyeho 68.46% naho impuzandengo y’umwaka wa 5.35% ugereranije na miliyoni 10.424 mu ibarura rusange rya gatandatu ry’igihugu mu 2010.
Impamvu ishobora gutinda kwiyongera kwabaturage muri Shenzhen mugihe kiri imbere, cyangwa ibibazo nk "indwara nini yo mumujyi" yatewe nubunini bwumujyi, bizadindiza ubushobozi bwabaturage mumijyi imwe nimwe ikomeye. Ibi ni ukuri muri Beijing na Shanghai.
Wuhan avuga ko mu 2035, izaba yakira miliyoni 16,6 z'abaturage bahoraho kandi ikanatanga ibikorwa remezo n'ibikorwa bya Leta ukurikije abaturage ba miliyoni 20.
“Kwubahiriza byinshi no kwishyira hamwe” bigaragarira muri iyi gahunda. Chengdu yasabye kugenzura neza igipimo cy’ubutaka bwubaka, kugenzura neza ubukana bwiterambere ry’ubutaka mu karere kose, no kuyobora ihererekanyabubasha ry’iterambere ry’ubutaka kuva iburasirazuba ugana mu majyepfo. Guangzhou yasabye kugenzura byimazeyo ubukana bwiterambere ry’ubutaka, hamwe n’ibidukikije n’ubuhinzi bitarenze bibiri bya gatatu by’umujyi n’ahantu hubakwa imijyi bitarenze kimwe cya gatatu cy’umujyi; Shiraho urugero rwo hejuru rwo gukoresha umutungo wubutaka kandi ugenzure cyane ubukana bwiterambere ryubutaka niterambere rya 30% byumujyi. Wuhan azagabanya imbibi ziterambere ryumujyi kandi afunge umwanya wumujyi. Ahantu hubatswe mumijyi hamwe niterambere ryimijyi hamwe nubwubatsi bushobora gutezwa imbere no gukoreshwa mugihe runaka bizashyirwa kumupaka witerambere ryumujyi.
Muri icyo gihe, igishushanyo mbonera cy’umujyi nacyo cyita ku mirasire n’uruhare rw’umujyi rwagati mu bukungu. Chengdu irasaba guteza imbere iterambere ryahujwe mukarere no gufatanya kubaka Chengdu Chongqing kwisi yose yo mumijyi aglomeration. Chengdu izagira uruhare runini mu guhuza no kuyobora iterambere rya Chongqing kandi ibe imbaraga nshya ziterambere ry’iterambere ry’igihugu cyose.
Wuhan yashimangiye ko bizashimangira ubufatanye mu nganda n’umuyoboro w’ubwikorezi hagati y’umujyi wa Wuhan hamwe n’umujyi wa Changsha na Nanchang, guhanga imikoranire n’imiyoborere y’ibidukikije, no kubaka imijyi yo ku rwego rw’isi ku isi rwagati mu ruzi rwa Yangtze. Tanga uruhare runini rwa Wuhan mu ntara n’imijyi, wibande ku kubaka kilometero 80 za radiyo Wuhan metropolitan, no guteza imbere ubukungu bw’ubukungu n’ubukungu bushingiye ku nganda zikomeye zifite akamaro nk’imodoka n’ibinyabuzima.
Ikindi kintu kiranga aya mategeko ni uguteza imbere imiyoborere yubuzima bwose bwo gutegura igenamigambi, no gushyira imbere ingamba zo kugenzura “imirongo itatu igenzura” nkumurongo wo kurengera ibidukikije, ubutaka bwibanze buhoraho nimbibi ziterambere ryumujyi.
Byongeye kandi, gahunda zimwe na zimwe zifite igishushanyo mbonera cyamazu. Wuhan avuga ko mu gihe kiri imbere, ahantu hubatswe amazu y’umuturage atagomba kuba munsi ya metero kare 45. Guangzhou ivuga ko mu 2035, hazongerwaho amazu arenga miliyoni 2 y’amazu yo mu mijyi, kandi umubare w’amazu akodeshwa mu gutanga amazu mashya ntuzaba munsi ya 20%; Amazu ahendutse afite ibice birenga 8% byimiturire mishya yumujyi.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Nyakanga-26-2021