Imigezi iteye akaga yihishe munsi yumuraba.
Ubucuruzi bw’Abashinwa barenga 50000 bwagize ingaruka, kandi n’abacuruzi benshi bazwi cyane ku bicuruzwa bimaze igihe kinini bananiwe guhunga uyu muhengeri w’amazi yo gufunga amaduka ”.
Umuntu abona akaga, umuntu asoma impinduka.
Ubucuruzi bwinshi bwo murugo buza kumuyoboro wa B2B (ubucuruzi kubucuruzi). Kuva ku isosiyete nini ifite abakozi ibihumbi icumi kugeza ku ikamba rya "itagaragara" pin yibanda ku murongo uhagaze, bose bari kumeza yikarita kugirango babone iri vugurura ritigeze ribaho.
Ntibashobora guhitamo aho umuraba ujya. Nyamara, e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka butangiza amahirwe mashya, kandi ubucuruzi bwinshi bugerageza kwishakira icyerekezo.
Igiciro cyintebe "yagarutse" cyiyongereyeho inshuro 12
Mu 2007, Zeng Hui yasubiye mu rugo gufata ubucuruzi bw'ababyeyi be.
Uru ruganda rukora ibinyabiziga, ruherereye i Nanchang, mu Ntara ya Jiangxi, rufite ububabare buzanwa n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe: imiyoboro yo kugurisha iragabanuka kandi inyungu ziragenda zoroha. Igihe kimwe, byari bigoye ko abakiriya batonda umurongo ngo baze kumuryango, kandi isoko ryaguye mubihe abakomeye bafata byose.
Nkore iki? Cyangwa ukurikire ibirango binini hanyuma uhure nabakora ibikoresho bafite uburambe bwimyaka irenga icumi; Cyangwa gerageza ushake inzira nshya, mumagambo ya Zeng Hui, "amarushanwa ya dislocation".
Mu mwaka wa mbere, umusore yananiwe gukiza igabanuka ryuruganda. Ingaruka z'ikirango n'imbaraga z'ibicuruzwa birashobora kugaragara n'amaso, "imurikagurisha rigura amafaranga arenga 100000, kandi ntushobora no kubona umukiriya."
Umwaka ukurikira, amaherezo yatangiye gusobanukirwa nubusobanuro nyabwo bw "amarushanwa ya dislocation". Uruganda rukora ibikoresho rwinjiye mu murongo muto uhagaze maze rutangira kwiga, rwibanda ku ntebe z’imashini n’inganda n’ubuhinzi. Kurugero, Zeng Hui, icyiciro gito cyimashini zubaka ni forklift, "reka tubanze dukore forklift."
Nibyiza kuba "nyampinga utagaragara" wumurongo wigice. Uruganda rwasubukuwe, kandi umuvuduko wo kugurisha muri iyo myaka wageze kuri 50% bitangaje. Uyu munsi, uruganda rwa Zeng Hui rwatwaye 60% by isoko ryimbere mu gihugu.
Usibye kunoza ingamba z’ibicuruzwa, Zeng Hui yatangiye no kwiga kuri e-ubucuruzi kugira ngo afungure inzira nshya zo kugurisha ku ruganda. Yishimiye ati: "turi icyiciro cya mbere cy’abakora ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa bagurisha intebe z’imodoka kuri Taobao na 1688."
Ku bw'amahirwe, Zeng Hui yaje guhura na e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka B2B.
Yamenye bwa mbere ko hakurya yisi yubumaji hakurya yinyanja. Abaguzi hari byinshi bamenyereye kubukanishi kandi bafite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kubungabunga no guhindura. Imashini ntoya zubuhinzi zirashobora kugurishwa muri supermarket.
Muri icyo gihe, e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka bwari bukiri ikintu gishya, ariko imodoka yazanywe na Alibaba yari iy'ukuri: kuva yinjira kuri sitasiyo mpuzamahanga ya Alibaba, uruganda rwa Zeng Hui rwashoboraga kwakira ibibazo birindwi cyangwa umunani cyangwa byinshi kurushaho ku munsi. Ku zindi mbuga za B2B, ntibisanzwe kugira ikibazo kimwe cyangwa bibiri mu cyumweru.
Zeng Hui yibuka ati: “Muri ico gihe, porogaramu yo gusemura ntiyari yakozwe. “Twanditse ijambo ku ijambo hanyuma tuyihindura dukoresheje inkoranyamagambo yo kuri interineti.”
Intebe za Forklift hamwe nintebe zo guca nyakatsi zambuka inyanja kandi ziteranijwe hakurya yinyanja. Iri ni irindi rushanwa ryiza rya dislokisiyo. Ibihugu byu Burayi n’Amerika byageze ku ntera ya kabiri y’iterambere ry’uruganda.
"Mu mahanga" bisobanura isoko rishya, halo na premium premium.
Igihe kimwe, Zeng Hui yaganiriye n'umukiriya amenya ko undi muburanyi yinjiye mu cyiciro cy'imyanya y'Ubutaliyani. Amatsiko, yagiye kubireba amenya ubukorikori bw'uruganda rwe akireba ati: "ibi ntabwo aribyo bicuruzwa byacu?"
Isuku ikozwe mu Bushinwa yazengurutse inyanja igaruka ku baguzi b'Abashinwa. Iyi myanya yazengurutse Ubutaliyani kandi agaciro kabo kiyongereyeho inshuro 12.
Iyi myanya "yagarutse" yatunguye Zeng Hui: isoko ryo hanze ntabwo ari ikirwa cyumutekano gihoraho. Kugirango ugere ikirenge mu gihuhusi cya e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka, imbaraga zikirango nizo ntandaro.
Muri kiriya gihe, intambara y’ibiciro yari ikunzwe cyane mu Bushinwa, “niba ugurisha amafaranga 5, nzagurisha amafaranga 4.9.” Zeng Hui yatangiye gutekereza ku kibazo gishya: “Nakora iki niba nshaka kugurisha inshuro ebyiri kurusha abandi?”
Yatangiye kandi guha akazi "abatahutse". Uruganda rwibikoresho rukurura inkingi ya tekiniki zirenga 20, kandi uruganda rwose rufite abakozi barenga 80 gusa.
Zeng Hui yavuze ko tugomba gufata ikoranabuhanga ryibanze no gutunganya mu biganza byacu tugashyiraho iterambere ry’ikirango. Ati: "Nizeye gukora ikintu gifite agaciro aho guhatanira urwego rwo hasi kandi rusubiramo."
Nyuma yimyaka itanu, yagarutse kurugamba rwa e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka
I Luoyang, Intara ya Henan, “inganda nini za pulasitiki nini” ni icyapa cyanditseho zahabu.
Hano hari auras nyinshi, kandi abantu bashimishije cyane nta gushidikanya ko ari "ikigo cyambere mu kurwanya ubukene bugamije kurwanya ubukene i Luoyang": mu myaka umunani ishize, inganda nini za plastiki zashyizeho amahugurwa 17 yo kurwanya ubukene i Luoyang, aturuka kuri Intara ya Xin'an kugera hafi ya Yichuan, Luoning, Ruyang na Yiyang, itwara abantu barenga 2000 ku kazi.
Intego yambere yuru ruganda kwari "gufasha abakene": Guo Songtao, warangije muri kaminuza ya Zhengzhou, yasubiye mumujyi yavukiyemo afite imari nuburambe nyuma yo gutangira byinshi.
Muri kiriya gihe, nubwo Intara ya Xin'an yari yarakuwe mu bukene, iterambere ry’icyaro riracyari inyuma. Nyuma yiperereza ryakozwe, Guo Songtao yahisemo byimazeyo icyaro kugirango ashinge imishinga, "icyaro nacyo gifite amahirwe menshi."
Uruganda rukora ubudodo rwa plastike rwafashe ituze.
Bishingiye ku cyaro, inganda nini za plastiki zateye imbere kandi ziratera imbere, buri mwaka yinjiza miliyoni 350 hamwe n’abakiriya benshi badahemuka kuri interineti. Bitewe n'imiterere ikomeye y'isosiyete, Guo Songtao ntabwo yigeze ashyira ku murongo wa e-ubucuruzi ku bucuruzi, kandi yagize ikizamini gito cy'amazi muri 2015.
Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi ni: bigoye cyane "Kwambuka imipaka e-ubucuruzi bikenera igihe cyo guteka mbere yuko bisohoka. ”Guo Songtao yavuze yeruye.
Ubufatanye bwa mbere na sitasiyo mpuzamahanga ya Alibaba bwahagaritswe, ariko biragaragara ko atigeze areka kwita kuri uyu mwanya. Mu mpera za 2020, ihinduka ry’ibihe by’icyorezo ku isi ndetse no gukira vuba kw’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga byatumye Guo Songtao anuka umuyaga.
Guo Songtao (ubanza uhereye iburyo)
Tugarutse ku rugamba rwa e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka, inganda nini za plastiki zakoze imyiteguro yuzuye.
Iya mbere ni ukubika impano. Guo Songtao yishimiye ko iyi sosiyete yashakishije inzobere mu bucuruzi bwo hanze. Ati: "Batatu bagarutse bava mu mahanga, impamyabumenyi nyinshi z'icyongereza n'umu majoro umwe w'Abafaransa…".
Iya kabiri ni kunoza inzira. Bitewe n'iterambere ry'ubushobozi n'ikoranabuhanga, ibicuruzwa biva mu gikapu byakozwe n’inganda nini nini za plastiki byajyanye n’ibipimo mpuzamahanga.
Guverinoma y’Umujyi wa Luoyang nayo yatanze ubufasha ku gihe: mu 2020, Inama y’igihugu yemeje ko hashyirwaho akarere ka Luoyang gashinzwe guhuza imipaka, gasobanurwa nk’ibice bine by’ibanze by’ibanze: Agace k’ikoranabuhanga rikomeye, akarere k’ubucuruzi bwisanzuye, akarere kiyubaka ndetse n’ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka. akarere k'icyitegererezo.
Nyuma yimyaka itanu adahari, Guo Songtao ntiyashoboraga kumva impinduka ziyi "nshuti ishaje" ubwo yongeye guhura na sitasiyo mpuzamahanga ya Alibaba: serivisi yabakiriya yari itunganye, imbaraga za tekinike zari hejuru cyane, kandi ubwoko bwose bwa e- ubumenyi bwubucuruzi amahugurwa ninyigisho byari byinshi.
Nyuma y'amezi atanu gusa itangijwe, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga n’inganda nini nini za plastiki byageze kuri miliyoni 10, kandi ishoramari ryinshi ryagize inyungu zishimishije. Guo Songtao amwenyura avuga ko buri gihe ari byiza gukorana na ALI, ati: "mubakurikire."
Icyumweru cy’ubukungu cy’Ubushinwa cyigeze gusubiramo amagambo ya Guo Songtao agira ati: “Intsinzi y’umuntu ntabwo ari intsinzi, ariko intsinzi rusange ni icyubahiro; Ubutunzi bwumuntu ntabwo ari ubutunzi, ariko ubutunzi rusange burakungahaye. ”
Nka nkomoko yizina "inganda nini za plastiki zatewe inkunga" ("kwihanganira ni binini, ubukuru burakomeye"), iri tsinda ryabana boroheje kandi bafite imbaraga ba Henan, bashinze imizi, barenga inyanja mubwato bunini bwa ibihe.
Uruhande rumwe ni amazi yo mu nyanja, urundi ni umuriro
Kuva mu 2020, bitewe n’umutekano muke wo gukumira no gukumira icyorezo cy’imbere mu gihugu hamwe n’inyungu zo gutanga amasoko, e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka bwigeze kuba inzira ya zahabu ku bacukura zahabu.
Ariko, imbere yikirenga kinini kinini "cyo gufunga amaduka", iterambere ryambere ryarashize. Ishyirahamwe E-Ubucuruzi ryambukiranya umupaka wa Shenzhen ryagereranije ko byibuze konti 50000 z’ubucuruzi z’Ubushinwa zizagira ingaruka kandi igihombo gishobora kurenga miliyari 100. Kutamenya neza B2C biterwa nimbogamizi z’ibidukikije byongeye kuba inzogera yo gutabaza yimanitse ku bucuruzi.
Muri icyo gihe, ishingiro ry’amakuru y’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga aracyagenda neza. Nk’uko Ubuyobozi Bukuru bwa gasutamo bubitangaza, mu Bushinwa ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu mahanga byakomeje kwiyongera mu mezi 14 yikurikiranya. Hamwe n’ubukungu bwazamutse ku isi, icyifuzo cy’abaguzi bo mu cyiciro cya B cyo mu mahanga nacyo kigeze ku rwego rwo hejuru.
Uruhande rumwe ni amazi yo mu nyanja urundi ni umuriro.
Dukurikije imibare iheruka ya sitasiyo mpuzamahanga ya Alibaba, kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Nyakanga 2021, impuzandengo y’abaguzi basuwe, abaguzi bahembwa n’ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti bwiyongereyeho hejuru ya 60% umwaka ushize. Muri bo, impuzandengo y'abaguzi bakora cyane muri Amerika, Ubuhinde, Ubwongereza, Burezili n'ahandi ndetse byikubye kabiri.
Hamwe nigiciro gito cyishoramari, igihe gito cyo guhinduka hamwe n amahirwe menshi yisoko, ubucuruzi bwinshi bwongeye kwibanda kuri e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka B2B, uburyo bwa kera kandi bwateye imbere mubucuruzi bwa e-bucuruzi.
Mbere yibyo, Dalian Zhicheng Furniture Co., Ltd., yakoraga ubucuruzi bwa C gusa kandi ahanini akora ibicuruzwa bya matelas, nyuma gato yo kwinjira mu murima wa e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka B2B, ibicuruzwa byayo kuri sitasiyo mpuzamahanga ya Ali byarenze miliyoni 10 USD , kubara kimwe cya kane cyibicuruzwa byose byagurishijwe.
“Amarushanwa ya B2C ni menshi cyane kandi ikiguzi ni kinini.” Ushinzwe uruganda yagize ati: "Turashaka kuringaniza amarushanwa dukora B2B, kunoza imikorere no kwihutisha ikirango cyo kujya mu nyanja."
Ubu ni inzira nyamukuru nuburyo bukuru bwa e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka, aho abashya n'abasaza bateranira. Kuva yashingwa mu 1999, abagurisha n'abaguzi benshi biyandikishije mu myaka 22 ishize baracyakora kuri sitasiyo mpuzamahanga ya Alibaba.
Avuga ku kamaro n'intego bya sitasiyo mpuzamahanga, Zhang Kuo, visi perezida w'itsinda rya Alibaba akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru wa sitasiyo mpuzamahanga, yizera ko yizera ko uru rubuga rushobora gukemura igice kitoroshye cy’ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka B2B - kugabanya imbago nigiciro cyo kujya mu nyanja, kugirango ubucuruzi ubwo aribwo bwose Xiaobai "agurishe isi yose ukanze rimwe".
Zeng Hui arihano guhuza ibicuruzwa no kwagura ibikorwa.
Guo Songtao yiga kwamamaza no kwamamaza hano.
Ibintu biragoye kandi umuyaga numuraba ni bibi. Ariko nyuma yubwato igihumbi, abantu bamwe baracyahitamo kujya mukinyanja bagatangira bundi bushya
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-31-2021